Gamma-decay of the Giant Dipole Resonances of ¹⁵⁴Sm and ¹⁴⁰Ce - Dataset and Analysis Codes ============================================================================================= Overview -------- This is the preprocessed raw data and analysis code of the photonuclear experiment on the γ-decay Behavior of the Giant Dipole Resonances of ¹⁵⁴Sm and ¹⁴⁰Ce performed in 2021 at the High Intensity γ-ray Source (HIγS) located at the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), Durham, NC, USA by the Technische Universität Darmstadt and TUNL collaboration. It is published at TUdatalib, TU Darmstadt's institutional repository for all research data generated or worked with at TU Darmstadt (https://tudatalib.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de). The data forms the basis of the dissertation work of Jörn Kleemann (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2596-3762) under the supervision of Prof. Norbert Pietralla (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-3032) at the Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany and was mainly analyzed by him. The dissertation of Jörn Kleemann is still in preparation, but should be available at https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/27008 and/or https://doi.org/10.26083/tuprints-00027008 once its published. Furthermore, a peer-reviewed publication of part of the results is in preparation (J. Kleemann et al., "Gamma decay of the ¹⁵⁴Sm Isovector Giant Dipole Resonance: Smekal-Raman Scattering as a Novel Probe of Nuclear Ground-State Deformation" (2024), in preparation). Once the dissertation is ready for publication, there might be an updated version of this repository, which would be cited by the dissertation and also be published at TUdatalib (https://tudatalib.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de), so please check there for the most recent version of this repository and the data and codes contained in it. This repository contains the following preprocessed raw data and analysis code: - Spectra in ASCII text file format generated from the raw listmode data not included in this repository due to their size - This is in principle still the raw data of the nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) experiment - The spectra exists in a run-wise structure (in the `154Sm-GDR-Spectra` directory) and in a slightly-further-processed summed up structure (in the `154Sm-GDR-Spectra-Summed` directory) - For review and energy and efficiency calibrations of the spectra, the Python program `hdtv` was used in the analysis (https://github.com/janmayer/hdtv/ or https://pypi.org/project/hdtv/) - Along with the spectra, `hdtv` XML fit files (`.xfl` files of same name as their belonging spectra) are included, which contain fits of the spectra performed during the analysis for energy and efficiency calibrations, as well as `hdtv` energy calibration list files (the two `.all.callist` files at the roots of the two main spectra directories), which contain the energy calibration parameters obtained this way - `GDR-Exp ELOG Summary.md`, a Markdown text file containing a summary of the electronic logbook ELOG entries of the experiment and overall notes on the experiment, its setup and analysis - `Clover-Segment-Legend.jpg`, a photograph of the setup indicating the positions of the clover detectors and their segments - Data and documentation on the activation measurement performed in parallel to the NRF measurement in the `Activation-Measurement-Files` directory - This includes the raw data of the activation measurement, a scan of the paper logbook used for the activation measurement, some other documentation files, but not the analysis of the activation measurement. Contact Kiriaki Prifti (https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0909-3852) if you are interested in the analysis code of the activation measurement, since she did the analysis. - Self-written Python packages used for the analysis in the `PythonPackages` directory: - `mvmeRoot2Spec`: Python script used to convert the preprocessed (converted to ROOT format) raw data to the ASCII text file spectra (found in the `154Sm-GDR-Spectra` subdirectory) - `jk`: Python package collecting various utility codes of Jörn Kleemann used in the analysis - This in particular contains the `environment.py` file, containing many path definitions used in the analysis, which will have to be adjusted to the local environment when wanting to execute the analysis code - `deconvolutionlib`: Python package used for the deconvolution of the detector response from the experimental spectra, can be run as an executable script via `python3 -m deconvolutionlib --auto` to perform all deconvolutions of the analysis and write the results to files - The deconvolution fit performed by this code is at the core of the raw data analysis and yields the γ-decay intensities - `photonscatteringlib`: Tiny Python package providing functions to calculate photon scattering amplitudes and cross-sections. - Self-written Jupyter notebooks in the `154Sm-GDR-Analysis` directory containing structured pieces of analysis code, text explanations, derivations and notes, various analysis plots and (intermediate and final) results of the analysis - These notebooks should allow to understand and reproduce the analysis and results. To execute them, a proper Python environment with the required packages is needed. See below. - The content of the notebooks should be self-explanatory and their filenames and their header comments should give a good overview of their content. - Most of the analysis is documented in these notebooks. - **The `Processing-Results.ipynb` notebook contains the final analysis steps, and, therefore, the final results of the analysis. If one is only interested in the values ultimately obtained through the experiment and its analysis, this notebook is the one to look at**. For this only a Jupyter notebook viewer is needed. No full Python environment is necessary, as all outputs (plots, tables, etc.) created by the notebooks code cells were saved in the notebook itself as well. - The `154Sm-GDR-Paper-Figures.ipynb` notebook was used to generate the plots of the publication in preparation (J. Kleemann et al., "Gamma decay of the ¹⁵⁴Sm Isovector Giant Dipole Resonance: Smekal-Raman Scattering as a Novel Probe of Nuclear Ground-State Deformation" (2024), in preparation). So it is not part of the analysis, but still included for completeness. - A copy of `utr`, a Geant4 simulation framework for photonuclear experiments at HIγS - This code was used to simulate the detector responses of the setup used in the experiment, in particular necessary for the deconvolution of the detector response from the experimental spectra - See U. Friman-Gayer, J. Kleemann, and O. Papst, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10837233 or https://github.com/u-eff-gee/utr/u-eff-gee/utr for the original version of `utr` - The version of `utr` included here is a slightly modified/extended version including the macros used for the simulations in this analysis, it should also be available at https://github.com/j-kleemann/utr/tree/GDR-Exp-Simulations - Derived files generated during the analysis (i.e., outputs of the codes listed so far) included for convenience, the most important being: - `154Sm-GDR-UTR-Simulation-Output`, directory containing the output of the simulations with `utr` used to construct the detector response matrices - `154Sm-GDR-Detector-Response-Matrices`, directory containing the detector response matrices constructed from the simulation output - `154Sm-GDR-Exp-PyMC-Deconvolution-InferenceData`, directory containing the results of the deconvolution analysis - `154Sm-GDR-Exp-PyMC-Geometrical-GDR-Fit-InferenceData`, directory containing the results of the geometrical GDR fit analysis performed at the end of the analysis - All remaining files should be dependencies of the above-mentioned files or not very important and self-explanatory (e.g., some angular distribution plots for illustration purposes). - Don't be confused by many directories/files starting with just `154Sm-GDR`, the main focus of the analysis is the 154Sm data, but all the analysis concerns both the 154Sm and 140Ce data. This is just the shorthand used in the filenames and directory names. - For logistical reasons, the data is split among multiple archives. To extract the full data, simply download and extract all archives into the same directory. Python Environment ------------------ Python `CPython 3.11.7` was used for the analysis. The following Python packages (in addition to the self-written packages included in this repository) were used in the analysis and might be required to execute the analysis code: | Package | Version | |----------------|---------| | arviz | 0.17.0 | h5netcdf | 1.3.0 | hist | 2.7.2 | ipympl | 0.9.3 | ipython | 8.20.0 | ipywidgets | 8.1.1 | jax | 0.4.23 | jaxlib | 0.4.23 | jupyterlab | 4.0.10 | matplotlib | 3.8.2 | numba | 0.58.1 | numpy | 1.26.3 | numpyro | 0.13.2 | pandas | 2.1.4 | pymc | 5.10.3 | pyperclip | 1.8.2 | pytensor | 2.18.6 | scipy | 1.11.4 | sympy | 1.12 | tqdm | 4.66.1 | uncertainties | 3.1.7 | uproot | 5.2.1 | watermark | 2.4.3 | xarray | 2023.12.0 Collaborator list ----------------- - J. Kleemann (Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany) (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2596-3762) - N. Pietralla (Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany) (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-3032) - U. Friman-Gayer (Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0308, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA) (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2590-5052) - J. Isaak (Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany) (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4735-8320) - O. Papst (Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany) (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1037-4183) - K. Prifti (Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany) (https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0909-3852) - V. Werner (Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany) (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4001-0150) - A. D. Ayangeakaa (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA) (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1679-3175) - T. Beck (Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany) (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5395-9421) - G. Colò (Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy) (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-1633) - M. L. Cortés (Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany) (https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7497-6527) - S. W. Finch (Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0308, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA) (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-9402) - M. Fulghieri (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA) - D. Gribble (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA) (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4458-3271) - K. E. Ide (Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany) (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2405-329X) - X. K.-H. James (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA) (https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9959-2373) - R. V. F. Janssens (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA) (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7095-1715) - S. R. Johnson (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA) (https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3440-5070) - P. Koseoglou (Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institute for Nuclear Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany) (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4520-4448) - Krishichayan (Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0308, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA) (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1624-6270) - D. Savran (GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany) (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-5600) - W. Tornow (Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0308, USA and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA) (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-6926) License ------- Unless otherwise noted, all contents of this repository are licensed under both, - the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version (SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later, https://www.gnu.org/licenses), - as well as under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License (SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en). I.e., you can choose under which of the two licenses you want to use the contents of this repository. See the LICENSE-GPL-3.0 and LICENSE-CC-BY-SA-4.0 files for the details of the respective licenses. Funding ------- This work has been funded - by the German state of Hesse's Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts (HMWK) under grant No. LOEWE/2/11/519/03/04.001(0008)/62, - by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) -- Project-ID 499256822 -- GRK 2891, - by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under grant No. 05P21RDEN9, - and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under grant Nos. DE-FG02-97ER41041 (UNC) and DE-FG02-97ER41033 (TUNL). Keywords -------- - Physics - Nuclear Physics - Nuclear Structure - Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF) - Photonuclear Reactions - Nuclear Photonics - γ-ray Spectroscopy - γ-decay - Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) - Nuclear Shape - Nuclear Deformation - K-Splitting - Geometrical Model - Triaxiality - Nuclear Thomson Scattering - Nuclear Raman Scattering - 154Sm - 140Ce - High Intensity γ-ray Source (HIγS) - γ-ray Polarimetry - γ-ray Angular Distribution - Detector Response Deconvolution